IIAP - Integrated Irrigation & Agriculture Plan

Hydrologic Assessment & Water Allocation System

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IIAP Help & Knowledge Center
ଓଡ଼ିଆ | English
Official User Manual & Operational Reference

IIAP Help & Knowledge Center

Integrated Irrigation and Agriculture Plan:
Comprehensive step-by-step guidance for Minor Irrigation Project (MIP) assessment, crop planning, monthly water balance simulation, and farmer allocation management.
ସମନ୍ୱିତ ଜଳସେଚନ ଓ କୃଷି ଯୋଜନା:
କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ଜଳସେଚନ ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପ (MIP) ଜଳଧାରଣ କ୍ଷମତା, ଫସଲ ଯୋଜନା, ଜଳ ବଣ୍ଟନ ଏବଂ ପାଣି ପଞ୍ଚାୟତ ହିତାଧିକାରୀ ପରିଚାଳନା ପାଇଁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ସହାୟତା ପୁସ୍ତିକା
8-Step Quick Roadmap Module Guides FAQs & Troubleshooting
Current Access Session
User guest Mode v3.2 Engine
Limited access to view across the system.

1. System Overview & Architecture

Concept & Roles
What is the IIAP Platform?

The Integrated Irrigation & Agriculture Plan (IIAP) portal is an advanced hydrologic and agronomic decision-support platform tailored specifically for Minor Irrigation Projects (MIPs / Tanks) in Odisha. It bridges the gap between scientific water yield estimation in the reservoir catchment and farm-level irrigation distribution across community canal commands.

Rather than relying on static empirical tables, IIAP simulates tank inflows dynamically using the standard SCS-CN (Soil Conservation Service Curve Number) Runoff Engine with 5-day Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC) tracking, historical daily precipitation banks, and satellite precipitation series (Google Earth Engine CHIRPS). It models 12-month reservoir balance, tracks canal delivery conveyance losses, evaluates supplemental groundwater tubewell requirements, and estimates cultivation economics (Benefit-Cost Ratio) to ensure sustainable and equitable water governance.

Core Operational Chain:
Rainfall & Catchment Tank Inflow (75% Yield) Crop Water Demand Sluice Delivery & Carryover GW Supplementation Farmer Allocation Slips
User Access Roles & Permissions
Administrator Engineer / DoWR
  • Global access to all Districts, Blocks, and MIP Tanks across Odisha.
  • Configure master hydrology parameters (Base Curve Number CN II, AMC rainfall thresholds, initial abstraction ratio λ, ETo factors, soil types).
  • Create and manage user accounts (Pani Panchayat Operators).
  • Override crop planning benchmarks and execute system database backups.
Operator Pani Panchayat
  • Permanently locked to the assigned Minor Irrigation Project (MIP).
  • Enroll local farmer beneficiaries with land parcel, caste, and outlet details.
  • Design seasonal Khariff & Rabi crop plans and verify water balance.
  • Simulate monthly sluice gate releases and supplemental tubewell schedules.
  • Print Water Allocation slips and input requirement slips.

2. The 8-Step Complete Workflow Roadmap

Step-by-Step Operating Guide

Follow this sequential 8-step roadmap to navigate from tank hydrological assessment to issuing irrigation passes and input estimates in the field.

01
1
Select / Verify MIP
Module: Select MIP

Identify District, Block, and Minor Irrigation Project. Verify tank baseline: Catchment Area, Full Tank Level (FTL), Minimum Drawdown Level (MDDL), Gross Capacity, and Khariff/Rabi CCA.

Open Select MIP
02
2
Beneficiary Registry
Module: Beneficiaries

Enroll command area farmers. Enter member IDs, landholding size, village, canal outlet/patch distribution, and plot location & soil type details.

Open Beneficiary DB
03
3
Hydrologic Assessment
Module: Hydrology

Execute catchment runoff modeling using the SCS-CN method with 5-day sliding AMC tracking and satellite GEE precipitation. Compute the 75% dependable annual yield, net tank inflow, and seasonal available water.

Run Hydrology Module
04
4
Seasonal Crop Plan
Module: Crop Planning

Allocate areas for Khariff (Paddy, Groundnut) and Rabi (Pulses, Mustard, Vegetables). System computes pentad water demand against tank storage and displays dynamic water balance status.

Plan Crops
05
5
Water Allocation
Module: Water Allocation

Run 12-month simulation (June to May). View monthly reservoir inflows, evaporation losses, canal deliveries, monthly surpluses/deficits, and end-of-month carryover storage.

Water Allocation
06
6
Groundwater Schedule
Tab 5.4: GW Requirement

Assess Net Irrigation Deficit from Column 13 ("Deficit / GW Supp"). Compute conveyance loss adjustment, gross groundwater draft, total pumping hours, and required operating days.

Check GW Draft
07
7
Business & Cost Analysis
Module: Crop Budget

Generate farm input requirement budgets: Seeds, FYM/Organic Manure, chemical fertilizers (Urea, DAP, MOP), labor costs, gross returns, and the Benefit-Cost (B:C) Ratio.

Open Crop Budget
08
8
Reports & Field Slips
Module: Reports

Export and print the finalized rotational irrigation roster, input demand summaries (in quintals and bags), and harvest projections to implement at the Pani Panchayat level.

Generate Reports

3. Module-by-Module User Guide

Detailed Functionality
3.1 Minor Irrigation Project (MIP) Selection & Master

The MIP selection module establishes the active tank context for all hydrological calculations, crop plans, and water distribution. Once selected, the MIP is stored in your browser session (and database user subscription for operators) so all tabs stay in sync.

How to Use:
  1. Select the District from the first dropdown.
  2. The Block dropdown dynamically populates based on the selected district.
  3. Select the specific Minor Irrigation Project (Tank).
  4. Click Load MIP Data
Tip for Operators: Operators are already subscribed to their Pani Panchayat MIP and will automatically load their assigned project upon login.
Key Tank Parameters:
Catchment Area (A): Total watershed draining into the tank (Sq. Km).
Gross Storage:Total reservoir capacity at Full Tank Level (S_FTL).
Minimum Drawdown Storage:Capacity below Minimum Draw-Down Level (S_MDDL).
Dead Storage:Capacity below Dead Storage Level (S_DSL).
Live Storage:Effective usable water (S_FTL - S_MDDL).
CCA (Khariff / Rabi):Culturable Command Area in Hectares (Ha).
3.2 Beneficiary Database Management

Maintains the master registry of farmers in the command area of the tank. Data is categorized by landholding sizes (Marginal, Small, Large) and plot location (Head reach, Middle reach and Tail end) to satisfy state government Panipanchayat reporting standards.

Key Features:
  • Add/Edit Beneficiary: Enter Member ID, Farmer Name, Father's Name, Village, land holding size, Plot number, Plot Location, and Soil Type.
  • Canal Outlet & Patch Assignment: Tag each farmer's landholding to a specific canal branch, outlet, or field patch.
  • Excel Export & Import: to download the entire roster for Pani Panchayat record keeping.
Landholding Categories:
  • Marginal Farmer: Landholding < 1.0 Hectare (< 2.47 Acres).
  • Small Farmer: Landholding between 1.0 Ha and 2.0 Ha.
  • cat_medium_small_farmer desc_medium_small_farmer
3.3 Hydrologic Assessment & Yield Simulation

The hydrologic engine determines the scientific water yield of the catchment. It computes daily direct runoff using the standard SCS-CN (Soil Conservation Service Curve Number) Method with dynamic 5-day Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC) tracking, evaluates historical and satellite precipitation series, and determines the 75% Dependable Yield (the standard engineering baseline for irrigation planning in Odisha).

Hydrologic Soil Group & CN Catchment soils (HSG A, B, C, D) and land use determine the base Curve Number (CN II). Higher CN values indicate lower infiltration and higher surface runoff potential.
5-Day Sliding AMC Tracking Based on 5-day antecedent rainfall the AMC dynamically shifts from: AMC-I (Dry, P_5 < 36 mm), AMC-II (Normal, 36 <= P_5 <= 53 mm), and AMC-III (Wet, P_5 > 53 mm).
75% Dependable Inflow The annual volumetric yield that is equaled or exceeded in 75 out of 100 years. Ensures water allocations are resilient against seasonal dry spells.
3.4 Seasonal Crop Planning & Dynamic Water Balance

Allows planners to configure crop acreages for Khariff (Paddy, Groundnut, Maize), Rabi (Mustard, Pulses, Vegetables, Sunflower), and Summer. The engine calculates crop water requirements for each 5-day pentad and checks against available reservoir storage.

Dynamic Water Balance Badges
  • Surplus (+ m³) : Available reservoir water safely exceeds total crop water demand. Plan is safe.
  • Tight Balance : Water demand is nearly equal to storage. Suggests water-saving methods.
  • Deficit (- m³) : Crop water demand exceeds surface reservoir capacity. Triggers Tab 5.4 Groundwater Requirement to schedule supplemental tubewell pumping!
Pentad Water Demand

The irrigation year is divided into 73 Pentads (5-day intervals). For each crop:

CWR = Area (ha) × Delta (mm) × 10 (m³)

The net irrigation requirement is determined by subtracting the effective rainfall during the pentad from the gross crop water demand.

3.5 Water Allocation, Monthly Simulation & Groundwater

The core operational heart of IIAP. Simulates month-by-month reservoir routing across the entire hydrological water year (June to May).

Table 5.1 : The 13 Columns of Monthly Allocation
# Column Title Description / Calculation Formula
1Month & YearOperational month from June (start of monsoon) through May (pre-monsoon summer).
2Initial Storage (m³)Water available in the reservoir at the start of the month (Carryover from previous month).
3Rainfall (mm & m³)Effective precipitation on the command and tank water spread area.
4Inflow (m³)Calculated catchment runoff draining into the tank during the month.
5Crop Water Demand (m³)Gross crop evapotranspiration requirement for all planned crops in that month.
6Evaporation Loss (m³)Evaporative loss from reservoir water surface (A_spread * E_pan * Kp).
7Net Storage Available (m³)Usable storage: Initial Storage + Inflow - Evaporation Loss - Dead Storage.
8Canal Conveyance LossSeepage, percolation, and evaporation loss along the distribution canal network.
9Delivered Volume (m³)Actual surface irrigation volume released through the sluice gate to the fields.
10Total Available Water (m³)Sum of delivered canal water + effective rainfall on fields.
12Carryover Storage (m³)Unused water retained in the reservoir carried forward to the 1st of next month.
13Deficit / GW Supp (m³)Unmet irrigation deficit requiring supplemental groundwater draft from tubewells.
Tab 5.2: By Beneficiary

Search and view individual farmer plot allocations, plot area, surface water allocated, delivered volume, and deficit/excess. Use "Sync Allocations to DB" to update records.

Tab 5.3: Contingent Arrangement

Drought vulnerability assessment, Canal Release Protocols (rotational Warabandi with tail-end priority), and agronomic measures (mulching, shallow hoeing).

Tab 5.4: GW Requirement

Pulls the gross deficit from Column 13 (Deficit / GW Supp), adds conveyance loss, and computes total tubewell pumping hours and daily operating schedule.

Tab 5.5: Seasonal Summary

Provides seasonal performance totals for Khariff, Rabi, and Summer (Total Allocation, Total Delivered, Rainfall Contribution, and Net Water Balance).

3.6 Crop Budget & Cost Analysis

Evaluates the economic viability of the proposed crop plan. Calculates the exact quantity of inputs required across the command area:

  • Organic Manure / FYM : Standard norms (e.g., 7.5 t/ha for Groundnut, 5.0 t/ha for Cereals).
  • Fertilizers : Nitrogen (Urea), Phosphorus (DAP / SSP), Potassium (MOP).
  • Cultivation Economics : Human labor, machine tilling, seed cost, pesticide cost.
  • Benefit-Cost Ratio (B:C) : Gross farm income divided by total production cost.
3.7 Reports & Field Slips

Generates official print-ready slips and dossiers formatted for distribution and official submittal :

  • Water Allocation Slip: Generated from Reports for individual beneficiaries or all farmers, displaying allocated volume, delivered water, plot area, and rotational guidelines.
  • Beneficiary Distribution List: Printable list with member IDs, land area, and allocation volumes.
  • Nutrient & Input Requirement Slip: Summary of seeds, fertilizers, and manure for procurement.
  • Comprehensive IIAP Dossier: Complete technical binder for water resources department approvals.

4. Engineering Formulas & Calculation Reference (ଇଞ୍ଜିନିୟରିଂ ସୂତ୍ର ଏବଂ ଗଣନା ସନ୍ଦର୍ଭ)

Standards & Equations

The IIAP platform uses standard Indian Standard (IS) codes, Central Water Commission (CWC) guidelines, and standard irrigation engineering formulas.

1. SCS-CN Runoff Computation Method (NRCS / USDA)
Core Catchment Hydrology Engine

The IIAP platform utilizes the standard Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) method to compute daily direct runoff depth (Q) and volumetric reservoir inflow (V_inflow) from daily precipitation series (historical rain gauge data and Google Earth Engine CHIRPS satellite observations).

(A) Governing Direct Runoff Equation
Q = (P - I_a)² / [ (P - I_a) + S ] ; for P > I_a
Q = 0.0 ; for P ≤ I_a
  • Q: Daily direct runoff depth (mm).
  • P: Daily precipitation / rainfall depth (mm).
  • I_a: Initial Abstraction (mm) — interception, surface depression storage, and initial infiltration. Standard convention: I_a = λ × S = 0.1 × S (calibrated for Indian watersheds; standard USDA uses 0.2 × S).
  • S: Potential maximum soil moisture retention after runoff begins (mm).
(B) Potential Maximum Retention (S)
S (mm) = (25,400 / CN) - 254

The Curve Number (CN) is a dimensionless catchment index ranging from 0 to 100 determined by:

  • Hydrologic Soil Group (HSG): Group A (high infiltration / sandy), Group B (moderate), Group C (slow / clayey-loam), Group D (very slow / heavy clay).
  • Land Use & Land Cover (LULC): Forest, cropland, pasture, fallow land, or water bodies.
  • Hydrologic Condition: Poor, Fair, or Good conservation treatment.
(C) Dynamic 5-Day Antecedent Moisture Condition (AMC)

Catchment moisture varies continuously. IIAP tracks the 5-day sliding antecedent rainfall ( P₅ = sum of rainfall in days i-5 to i-1 ) to adjust the base Curve Number (CN II)

AMC Class 5-Day Prior Rain (P₅) Catchment Condition Curve Number Formula
AMC-I P₅ < 36.0 mm Dry catchment / low moisture CN I = (4.2 × CN II) / (10 - 0.058 × CN II)
AMC-II 36.0 mm ≤ P₅ ≤ 53.0 mm Average / normal moisture CN = CN II (Base weighted CN)
AMC-III P₅ > 53.0 mm Wet / saturated soil CN III = (23 × CN II) / (10 + 0.13 × CN II)
(D) Volumetric Reservoir Inflow (V_inflow)
V_daily (m³) = Q (mm) × Catchment Area (km²) × 1,000
V_daily (MCM) = [ Q (mm) × Catchment Area (km²) ] / 1,000

Daily volumetric inflows are aggregated into 73 Pentads (5-day periods) and monthly sums to populate Column 4 (Inflow) of the 12-month reservoir working table.

2. Usable Live Reservoir Storage (S_live (m³))
S_live (m³) = S_FTL (Gross Storage) - S_MDDL (Dead Storage)

Only live storage above the sill level of the irrigation sluice can be delivered through the canal network by gravity.

3. Canal Conveyance Efficiency
Delivered Volume = Sluice Release × (η_c / 100)

Default unlined field canal efficiency is 70% - 75%, lined canal efficiency is 85% - 90%, and piped distribution reaches 95%.

4. Groundwater Supplemental Pumping Hours
Gross GW Draft (m³) = Net Deficit × [ 1 + (100 - η) / 100 ]
Pumping Hours = Gross Draft / (Discharge LPS × 3.6)
Operating Days = Pumping Hours / (Number of Tubewells × 8 hrs/day)

Where $1 LPS = 3.6 m³/hour. Assuming a sustainable 8-hour daily pumping shift per well.

Standard Unit Conversion Reference
Land Area Water Volume Discharge / Flow Rate
1 Hectare (Ha) = 2.471 Acres = 10,000 m² 1 Cubic Meter (m³) = 1,000 Liters 1 LPS (Liter/Sec) = 3.6 m³/hour
1 Acre = 0.4047 Hectare = 4,047 m² 1 Hectare-meter (Ha-m) = 10,000 m³ 1 Cusec = 28.317 LPS = 101.94 m³/hour
1 Acre = 100 Decimals = 40 Gunthas 1 Million Cubic Meters (MCM) = 100 Ha-m 1 Cumec (m³/sec) = 1,000 LPS = 35.31 Cusecs

5. Frequently Asked Questions & Troubleshooting (FAQ)

Troubleshooting Solutions

Available water is not a static constant — it is derived directly from the Hydrologic Assessment simulation for the selected Minor Irrigation Project.

How to fix:

  1. Navigate to Hydrology Assessment (hydrologic_assessment.php).Hydrology Assessment.
  2. ClickRun Assessment / Compute Hydrology for your selected MIP,
  3. Ensure the simulation finishes and saves to the database.
  4. Return to Crop Planning ; the computed available water volume and canal conveyance loss will now display automatically!

Water_Allocation , Tab 5.4 automatically extracts the gross sum of Column 13: Deficit / GW Supp from the Monthly Allocation Table (5.1)

This represents the exact volume of crop water demand that the surface reservoir is unable to meet during dry or high-demand months (typically November through March). It does not reflect total crop water demand, but strictly the unmet deficit at the farm level after reservoir deliveries and rainfall contributions.

This occurs when the MIP table does not have matching entries or the Latitude/Longitude coordinates are missing in the block_rainfall_bank table.

Solution: An administrator can check settings.php to verify that the MIP has valid decimal Latitude ( e.g. 19.824 ) and Longitude ( e.g. 84.912 ) values, or ensure the block rainfall bank table is seeded for the corresponding block.

No. By design, an Operator account is mapped specifically to a single Pani Panchayat Minor Irrigation Project to maintain data security and prevent cross-community data overwrites.

Only users with the Administrator role can switch freely between different Districts, Blocks, and MIPs. If an operator needs their assignment changed, contact the system administrator.

Water Allocation Slips (displaying farmer plot details, allocated volume, delivered water, and rotational guidelines) are generated and printed from the Reports module

  1. Navigate to (reports.php) Reports & Export
  2. Locate the Print Allocations & Nutrient Scheduling Slips card and click the Print button.
  3. In the pop-up modal dialog:
    • Choose: Water Allocation Slip (or Nutrient Scheduling Slip).
    • Season: Choose Khariff, Rabi, or All
    • Target: Choose Single Beneficiary (pick a specific Member ID from the dropdown) or All Beneficiaries (to generate slips for all registered farmers in the command area).
  4. Click Generate Slips. The formatted slips open in print_allocation_slip.php in a new window, ready for printing or exporting to PDF!
Tip: water_allocation.php you can inspect individual farmer plot allocations and clicking Tab 5.2: By Beneficiary "Sync Allocations to DB" to ensure the latest numbers appear on the printed slips.

The Benefit-Cost ratio represents the financial return per rupee invested:

  • B:C greater than 1.5: Highly viable and financially remunerative crop plan. Recommended for adoption.
  • B:C between 1.0 and 1.5: Moderate viability. May be vulnerable to market price dips.
  • B:C less than: Non-viable; production cost exceeds expected gross return. Planners should substitute high-value pulses, oilseeds, or cash crops.

The IIAP Portal's Integrated root-zone moisture tracking engine detects depletion below allowable thresholds and triggers prioritized rotational sluice releases or advises supplemental pumping from conjunctive shallow aquifers.

  • visit the Welcome page or the Soil Moisture Map in the Dashboard section.
  • visit the 5.3 Contingent Arrangement under the Water Allocation menu for detailed help and information.

6. Bilingual Glossary & Odia Terminology / ପାରିଭାଷିକ ଶବ୍ଦକୋଷ

English & ଓଡ଼ିଆ
English Term ଓଡ଼ିଆ ପାରିଭାଷିକ ଶବ୍ଦ Operational Meaning & Definition (କାର୍ଯ୍ୟକ୍ଷମ ଅର୍ଥ ଏବଂ ସଂଜ୍ଞା)
Minor Irrigation Project (MIP) କ୍ଷୁଦ୍ର ଜଳସେଚନ ପ୍ରକଳ୍ପ Water harvesting tank or reservoir having a culturable command area up to 2,000 Hectares.
Pani Panchayat ପାଣି ପଞ୍ଚାୟତ (ଜଳ ଉପଭୋକ୍ତା ସଂଘ) Democratic Water Users Association (WUA) responsible for participatory irrigation management.
Culturable Command Area (CCA) କମାଣ୍ଡ ଅଞ୍ଚଳ (ଜଳସେଚିତ କ୍ଷେତ୍ରଫଳ) Physical agricultural land area that can be irrigated by gravity from the tank canals.
Full Tank Level (FTL) ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଜଳଧାରଣ ସ୍ତର (ସର୍ବୋଚ୍ଚ ଜଳସ୍ତର) Maximum design water elevation in the reservoir before water spills over the surplus weir.
Minimum Drawdown Level (MDDL) ସର୍ବନିମ୍ନ ନିଷ୍କାସନ ସ୍ତର (ଡେଡ୍ ଷ୍ଟୋରେଜ୍) Sill level of the irrigation sluice gate below which water cannot be drawn by gravity.
Crop Water Requirement (CWR / Delta) ଫସଲର ଜଳ ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା (ଡେଲ୍ଟା) Total depth of water (in mm) required by a crop during its complete growth cycle.
Sluice Gate Operation ସ୍ଲୁଇସ୍ ଗେଟ୍ ପରିଚାଳନା Controlled mechanical opening of the tank head-sluice to regulate water discharge into canals.
Conveyance Efficiency କେନାଲ୍ ଜଳ ପରିବହନ ଦକ୍ଷତା Percentage ratio of water reaching the farmer’s field to the volume discharged at the head sluice.
Groundwater Supplementation ଭୂତଳ ଜଳର ଅତିରିକ୍ତ ଯୋଗାଣ Using community borewells or tubewells to supplement surface water deficits during dry spells.
Tail-End Reach Plots ଲାଞ୍ଜ ଭାଗ ଜମି Plots situated near the terminus of irrigation distributaries or minors, requiring prioritized rotational rostering to mitigate delivery deficits.
Warabandi / Rotational Delivery ୱାରାବନ୍ଦୀ (ପର୍ଯ୍ୟାୟକ୍ରମିକ ଜଳ ବଣ୍ଟନ) Rotational, timed system of water delivery allocating fixed hours to each farmer or outlet.
Water Productivity Index ଜଳ ଉତ୍ପାଦକତା The quantifiable ratio of economic agricultural yield produced per unit volume of water consumed (kg/m³).

7. Technical Support & System Requirements (ତକ୍ଷଣିକ ବୈଷୟିକ ସହାୟତା ଏବଂ ସିଷ୍ଟମ ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା)

System Support
Recommended Browsers & Environment
  • Supported Browsers: Google Chrome (v90+), Microsoft Edge (Chromium v90+), Mozilla Firefox (v88+).
  • Display Resolution: Optimized for desktop screens (1366 x 768 or higher) and tablet devices.
  • JavaScript: Must remain enabled for dynamic chart rendering (Chart.js) and real-time balance calculations.
  • Hard Refresh: If UI updates do not appear immediately, press Ctrl + F5 or Ctrl + Shift + R to clear browser cache.
  • Screen Responsiveness: The application is designed to be responsive across different screen sizes (mobile, tablet, desktop).
  • Internet Connection: A stable internet connection is recommended for optimal performance, especially when accessing satellite rainfall data via Google Earth Engine.
Developer & Project Credits

Application Name: IIAP - Integrated Irrigation & Agriculture Plan

Designed & Developed by: B S S Patro

Designed for Minor Irrigation Projects, Water Resources Department, Odisha Community Tank Management.

Need technical support or report bugs? Contact Support

© 2026 IIAP - Integrated Irrigation & Agriculture Plan Portal

Designed & Developed by B S S Patro # bsspatro@gmail.com